For information and reference only – not to be submitted as your own work.
Assignment brief this extract responds to: Unit 4004 Managing a Professional Engineering Project, AI theme 2026-27.
This extract covers one narrow slice of the Unit 4004 AI theme: the Phase 1 Project Management Plan (PMP) for an AI-assisted standard operating procedure (SOP) generator, followed by a sample logbook entry and an evaluation plan. It does not try to cover the whole unit. For the wider picture of how the AI theme is assessed, see the companion guide to the Unit 4004 project management plan, and for AI fundamentals see the related Unit 21 artificial intelligence answer guide. Citations follow the Harvard style, and every figure marked illustrative is an invented planning value, not a research result.
1. Project introduction and justification
Standard operating procedures are the written record of how a task is done safely and repeatably. In a small manufacturing cell, they are usually produced by hand from a company template, copied from an older SOP, and corrected after an audit. The process is slow, and its quality depends on whoever has the time to write. Documented procedures also sit at the centre of a quality management system (International Organization for Standardization, 2015), so errors in them carry a real cost.
This project asks one question: to what extent can an AI-assisted SOP generator consistently and reliably improve the SOP drafting process without unacceptable errors, extra review effort or disruption? The application will accept a company template and process notes, produce a draft, flag unclear or missing information for the user to resolve, and export an edited version for printing. The AI draft is never treated as approved. A named human reviewer signs off every SOP, because the tool supports the engineer and does not replace the engineer’s responsibility.
The project is justified on measurable grounds. If drafting time falls while accuracy and reviewer workload stay acceptable, the company gains capacity. If they do not, the finding is still a valid outcome for LO3 and LO4, provided the testing is honest and the evidence is recorded.
2. Stakeholders and current baseline
| Stakeholder | Interest | Influence | Engagement method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Process engineer (SOP author) | Faster drafting, fewer rewrites | High | Weekly feedback, usability testing |
| Line supervisor (reviewer) | Accurate, usable procedures | High | Review sessions, scoring sheet |
| Quality/health and safety lead | Compliance, audit trail | High | Pre-test briefing, final sign-off of outputs |
| Machine operators (end users) | Clear, unambiguous steps | Medium | Short readability survey |
| Centre tutor | Academic standard and ethics | High | Formative reviews |
The baseline must be measured before any AI is used, otherwise there is nothing to compare against. I will time the current manual process for five existing SOPs, record the number of reviewer corrections per SOP and note how often information is missing at first draft. The figures in the table below are illustrative values showing the format; real values replace them after observation.
| Baseline measure | Illustrative value | How collected |
|---|---|---|
| Drafting time per SOP | 110 minutes | Timed observation |
| Reviewer corrections per SOP | 9 | Marked-up copies |
| SOPs with missing safety step at first draft | 2 of 5 | Checklist audit |
3. Research question, aim and objectives
Aim: to evaluate whether an AI-assisted SOP generator can reduce drafting effort while maintaining accuracy, completeness and usability, with a human reviewer retained throughout.
- Establish the manual SOP baseline for time, corrections and completeness by week 3.
- Specify requirements and acceptance criteria agreed with the quality lead by week 4.
- Develop a working prototype using AI-assisted development, with version control, by week 8.
- Test the prototype on at least ten process descriptions and record accuracy, consistency and missing-information detection by week 10.
- Run at least two improvement cycles, retesting after each, by week 12.
- Evaluate results against the baseline and report conclusions and recommendations by week 14.
Each objective is specific, has a measure and has a deadline, which is what makes it SMART rather than a general intention.
4. Scope and success criteria
In scope: text process descriptions, a user-supplied template, draft generation, a list of flagged gaps, editing and export to a printable file. Out of scope: automatic approval, integration with the company document control system and any live production use before reviewer sign-off. Photo and voice-note input is a stretch feature, added only if the core objectives are met on time.
| Criterion | Illustrative target | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Time saved per SOP versus baseline | At least 40%, including review time | Timed trials, same author |
| Factual accuracy of steps | No invented steps; at least 95% of steps correct | Reviewer checklist against source notes |
| Missing information detected | At least 80% of seeded gaps flagged | Test inputs with deliberately removed details |
| Consistency | Same input gives structurally equivalent output in 4 of 5 repeat runs | Repeat-run comparison |
| Usability rating | Mean of 4 out of 5 or better | Post-task questionnaire |
The accuracy criterion matters most. Generative models can produce fluent text that is unsupported by the source, a failure widely described as hallucination (Ji et al., 2023). In an SOP, one invented torque value or a skipped isolation step is a hazard, not a typing slip, so any invented content is recorded as a critical defect regardless of the percentage score.
5. Feasibility study
| Option | Cost | Time | Main risk | Decision |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Continue manual drafting | No tool cost | No build time | Does not answer the research question | Used as baseline only |
| B. Buy a commercial documentation tool | Licence fee unlikely to be justified for a student project | Short set-up | Little scope to test or iterate the build | Rejected |
| C. Build a prototype with AI-assisted development and cloud hosting | Student-tier tools and hosting credit; model usage limits apply | About 6 weeks to a working version | Usage limits, output variability | Selected |
Option C is feasible because the development assistant and cloud credit are available to students, but both have limits, so the plan includes a usage log and a fallback of reducing the test set rather than overspending. Assumptions are stated openly: the company agrees to share non-confidential process notes, a reviewer is available weekly, and the model service stays available during testing.
6. Research methodology
Secondary research will cover documented-procedure requirements, AI risk guidance and the limits of language models. Primary research will use three instruments: timed trials of drafting with and without the tool, a reviewer scoring sheet, and a short operator questionnaire on readability. Because the population is small, I will use purposive sampling of the people who actually write, review and follow the SOPs, and I will say plainly that the findings are indicative and not statistically generalisable.
Quantitative data (time, error counts, flagged gaps) will be analysed with simple descriptive statistics and compared with the baseline. Qualitative comments will be coded into recurring themes. Each test run will log the input, the prompt version, the model setting, the output and the reviewer score, so any result can be repeated and checked.
7. Project planning and management
| ID | Task | Illustrative duration | Depends on |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Baseline measurement | 2 weeks | None |
| B | Requirements and acceptance criteria | 1 week | A |
| C | Prototype build, cycle 1 | 4 weeks | B |
| D | Ethics and data checks | 1 week | B |
| E | Test round 1 | 2 weeks | C, D |
| F | Improvement cycle 2 and retest | 2 weeks | E |
| G | Evaluation and report | 3 weeks | F |
Dependencies, milestones and the critical path follow standard project management practice (PMI, 2021). The critical path runs A, B, C, E, F, G, a total of 14 weeks on these illustrative durations. Task D has slack because it can run alongside the build, so a delay of a week there does not move the end date. The Gantt chart will show these bars with milestones at the proposal and feasibility review, the logbook review and the interim report. The resource plan covers my own time, the reviewer’s weekly hour, tool subscriptions, hosting credit and a small budget line for usage overruns.
A dated logbook will be kept throughout, with an entry for every decision, test and change to the plan.
8. Legislation, ethics and risk management
| Area | Requirement | How the project responds |
|---|---|---|
| Health and safety | Employers must provide safe systems of work and information, instruction and training (Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974) | No AI-generated SOP is used on the shop floor until a competent reviewer approves it |
| Data protection | Personal data must be handled lawfully, fairly and with minimum necessary use (Data Protection Act 2018; ICO, 2023) | Test inputs contain no names or personal data; company information is anonymised before being sent to any model |
| Professional ethics | Honesty, accuracy and rigour, and responsibility to society (Engineering Council and Royal Academy of Engineering, 2026) | AI use is declared, outputs are verified, and failures are reported as found |
| AI risk | Identify, measure and manage risks across the lifecycle (NIST, 2023) | Risk register below, plus human review as a standing control |
| Risk | Likelihood | Impact | Mitigation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Model invents a step or value | Medium | High | Prompt forbids guessing; unknowns are flagged; reviewer checklist; seeded-gap tests |
| Output varies between runs | High | Medium | Fixed template structure, fixed settings, repeat-run testing |
| Usage or credit limit reached | Medium | Medium | Usage log, reduced test set, caching of test outputs |
| Confidential data sent to a model | Low | High | Anonymise inputs; agree permitted content with the company |
| Reviewer unavailable | Medium | Medium | Book sessions early; named deputy |
Sample logbook entry (Phase 2)
Week 9, test round 1. Ten process descriptions were run through the prototype. Seven drafts were usable after light edits. Two omitted a lock-out step that the source notes had mentioned only indirectly. One invented a cleaning interval that appeared nowhere in the input, which was logged as a critical defect. Action: the prompt now instructs the model to output “information required” instead of estimating, and the gap-flagging check will be extended to safety-related steps. Plan change recorded: cycle 2 starts one week early, and the usability survey moves to week 12.
Evaluation plan
| Measure | Method | Compared with | Illustrative decision rule |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accuracy | Reviewer checklist per step | Source notes | Any invented content fails the run |
| Completeness | Seeded-gap detection rate | Known removed details | At least 80% flagged |
| Time per SOP, including review | Timed trials | Manual baseline | At least 40% reduction |
| Usability | Questionnaire, 5-point scale | Target of 4 | Mean of 4 or above |
The conclusion will be written from whichever result the evidence supports. If review time cancels out the drafting time saved, the honest finding is that AI helps only partly, and a Distinction-level report says so and explains why, with recommendations on where human review effort should be concentrated. Your own report should map its evidence to LO1 to LO4 in the same way.
About the expert
This extract is presented under the review of Dr. John Evans, who holds a PhD in Classical Mechanics from ETH Zurich and specialises in Classical Dynamics, Celestial Mechanics and Fluid Mechanics.
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References
- Engineering Council and Royal Academy of Engineering (2026) Statement of Ethical Principles. London: Engineering Council and Royal Academy of Engineering.
- Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, c. 37. London: HMSO.
- Data Protection Act 2018, c. 12. London: The Stationery Office.
- Information Commissioner’s Office (2023) Guidance on AI and data protection. Wilmslow: ICO.
- International Organization for Standardization (2015) ISO 9001:2015 Quality management systems – Requirements. 5th edn. Geneva: ISO.
- Ji, Z., Lee, N., Frieske, R. et al. (2023) ‘Survey of hallucination in natural language generation’, ACM Computing Surveys, 55(12), Article 248.
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (2023) Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0), NIST AI 100-1. Gaithersburg, MD: NIST.
- Project Management Institute (2021) A guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide). 7th edn. Newtown Square, PA: PMI.